Associations between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) with the dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) and other BDD risk factors in orthodontic patients: A preliminary study
Sobouti Farhad, Elyasi Foruzan, Navaei Reza Alizadeh, Rayatnia Farbod, Kalantari Nika Rezaei, Dadgar Sepideh, Rakhshan Vahid,
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( Sobouti Farhad ) - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Dental Research Center
( Elyasi Foruzan ) - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center
( Navaei Reza Alizadeh ) - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center
( Rayatnia Farbod ) - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Student Research Committee
( Kalantari Nika Rezaei ) - Private practice
( Dadgar Sepideh ) - Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Dental Research Center
( Rakhshan Vahid ) - Azad University of Medical Sciences School of Dentistry Department of Anatomy
Abstract
Objective: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a form of obsessive-compulsive disorder that may be negatively associated with the self-image. It might be associated with orthodontic treatment demand and outcome, and therefore is important. Thus, this study was conducted. Methods: The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS) questionnaire was used in 699 orthodontic patients above 12 years of age (222 males, 477 females), at seven clinics in two cities (2020?2021). BDD diagnosis and severity were calculated based on the first 3 items and all 12 items of the questionnaire. The dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC) was assessed by orthodontists. Multivariable and bivariable statistical analyses were performed on ordinal and dichotomized BDD diagnoses to assess potentially associated factors (IOTN-DHC, age, sex, marital status, education level, and previous orthodontic consultation) (α = 0.05).
Results: IOTN-DHC scores 1?5 were seen in 13.0%, 39.9%, 29.8%, 12.4%, and 4.9% of patients. Age/sex/marital status/education were not associated with IOTN-DHC (p > 0.05). Based on 3-item questionnaire, 17.02% of patients had BDD (14.02% mild). Based on 12-item questionnaire, 2.86% had BDD. BDD was more prevalent or severer in females, married patients, patients with a previous history of orthodontic consultation, and patients with milder IOTN-DHCs (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: IOTN-DHC was negatively/slightly associated with BDD in orthodontic patients. Being female and married may increase BDD risk.
키워드
Body dysmorphic disorder; Dental health component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC); Psychology; Orthodontic index
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